ALL EXPERIMENTS
Chapter 13 · Statistics · Class 10

The Statistics Notebook

Grouped data hides its average, its "most common" value and its middle value inside class intervals. This notebook rebuilds every method NCERT gives you — direct, assumed-mean, step-deviation, modal class, median class, and the ogive — as tables you can edit and watch redraw live.

Mean of Grouped Data

Every class interval is represented by its class mark xi. Edit the frequencies below and compare all three NCERT methods — Direct, Assumed Mean, and Step-Deviation. They should always land on the same mean.

Assumed mean a =  |  class size h = 15
Table 13.3 / 13.4 / 13.5 — edit fᵢ
Classxififixi di=xi−afidi ui=di/hfiui
Total
frequency histogram mean x̄ assumed mean a

Mode of Grouped Data

The modal class is simply the class with the highest frequency. The exact mode sits somewhere inside it, pulled toward whichever neighbour has more observations. Change the frequencies and watch the modal class — and the formula's substitution — update.

Table 13.6 — Family size survey — edit fᵢ
Class intervalfi
Mode = l + (f₁−f₀)/(2f₁−f₀−f₂) × h
modal class (f₁) other classes mode

Median & Cumulative Frequency

Build the "less than" cumulative frequency column, locate n/2, and find the first class whose cumulative frequency reaches or passes it — that's the median class.

Table 13.15 — Marks of 53 students — edit fᵢ
Marksficf
Total n =
Median = l + ((n/2 − cf)/f) × h
cumulative frequency n/2 line median class

Ogives — Finding the Median Graphically

Plot the "less than" ogive (rises, plotted at upper limits) and the "more than" ogive (falls, plotted at lower limits). They cross at a single point — its x-coordinate is the median, no formula required. Uses the same data as the Median tab.

less-than ogive more-than ogive intersection = median

The Empirical Relationship

For reasonably moderately-skewed data, NCERT gives a shortcut linking all three measures:

3 × Median = Mode + 2 × Mean
Value
Mean (x̄)
Mode
Median (from formula)
Median (empirical estimate)