ALL EXPERIMENTS

🧩 Exploring Algebraic Identities

Geometric visualisers, algebra tiles and calculators — Chapter 4, Ganita Manjari Grade 9

🔍 The Consecutive Squares Pattern

Pick any starting number n. We look at three consecutive squares: (n−1)², n², (n+1)². Add the smallest & largest, then subtract twice the middle one.

Why does this always give 2? — The Algebra

(n − 1)² + (n + 1)² = (n² − 2n + 1) + (n² + 2n + 1) = 2n² + 2
Subtracting 2 × n² (the middle square doubled): 2n² + 2 − 2n² = 2

No matter what n is, the n² terms cancel — leaving exactly 2 every time!

🟨 Visualising (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²

4 2

🟥 Visualising (a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b²

6 2

🧮 Speedy Mental Squares

Use (a±b)² to square numbers near round values, e.g. 43² = (40+3)², 29² = (30−1)².

⚖️ (a+b)² vs a² + b² — Which is bigger?

🟩 (a + b + c)² = a² + b² + c² + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca

3 2 1

🧮 Squaring Multi-digit Numbers

Example: 119² = (100 + 10 + 9)². Try any 3-digit number.

➖ a² − b² = (a + b)(a − b)

Cut a square of side a, remove a smaller square of side b from the corner, and reassemble the L-shaped remainder into a rectangle of sides (a+b) and (a−b).

7 3

🏛️ Śhrīdharāchārya's Trick (750 CE): a² = (a+b)(a−b) + b²

Pick a nearby round number b to make the multiplication easy.

🧱 Factorising with Algebra Tiles: (x+a)(x+b)

Build the rectangle for (x + a)(x + b). The big yellow tile is x², blue strips are x-tiles, red squares are unit tiles.

3 4

🔎 Reverse: Factorise x² + px + q

Enter the coefficients — we'll find a, b such that a+b = p and a×b = q.

➕ General Product: (px + a)(qx + b)

 × 

🧊 (a + b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³

A cube of edge (a+b) splits into: 1 cube a³, 3 cuboids a²b, 3 cuboids ab², 1 cube b³.

3 2

🧮 Cube-root Detective: Find a, b from an expanded cubic

Example: p³ + 6p²q + 12pq² + 8q³ = (p + 2q)³. Enter coefficients of a²b and ab² terms (assuming a=1 coefficient form a³+3a²b k+3ab²k²+b³k³ pattern) — simpler: just pick a,b below and see the expansion, then reverse-engineer.

🔁 (a − b)³ = a³ − 3a²b + 3ab² − b³

Same terms as (a+b)³ but alternating signs.

➕➖ x³ ± y³ Identities

x³ − y³ = (x − y)(x² + xy + y²)
x³ + y³ = (x + y)(x² − xy + y²)

🔗 Does (x − y) always divide xⁿ − yⁿ?

🌟 x³ + y³ + z³ − 3xyz = (x+y+z)(x²+y²+z² − xy − xz − yz)

📝 Word-Problem Solver

Given x+y+z, xyz, and x²+y²+z² — find x³+y³+z³ (like Example 15 in the chapter).

➗ Simplify Rational Algebraic Expressions

We factorise numerator & denominator (as quadratics ax²+bx+c) and cancel common linear factors.

Numerator: x² +
Denominator:

📐 Complete Identity Reference Sheet

(x + y)² = x² + 2xy + y²
(x − y)² = x² − 2xy + y²
(x + y + z)² = x² + y² + z² + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx
(x + y)(x − y) = x² − y²
(x + a)(x + b) = x² + (a+b)x + ab
(ax + b)(cx + d) = acx² + (ad+bc)x + bd
x³ − y³ = (x − y)(x² + xy + y²)
x³ + y³ = (x + y)(x² − xy + y²)
(x + y)³ = x³ + 3x²y + 3xy² + y³
(x − y)³ = x³ − 3x²y + 3xy² − y³
x³ + y³ + z³ − 3xyz = (x+y+z)(x²+y²+z² − xy − xz − yz)